While grease is great for bearings and threads, it won’t penetrate the gaps between the rollers and pins where you really need the lubricant because it’s far too thick. The viscous friction will be much higher too.

It performs well in the winter too, though, I’ve found that you need to apply the lubricant more regularly, as you’d reasonably expect given the harsher conditions.

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Lubricating your bike chain will lead to a quiet, efficient and smooth-running drivetrain. But it will also reduce drivetrain and chain wear and therefore increase the lifespan of your components.

Under laboratory conditions, geared bicycle drivetrains have been shown to reach above 98 per cent efficiency, meaning just 2 per cent of energy inputted is lost to friction.

The key with bicycle chain lubrication is to get it in the internals of the chain (among the rollers and pins). Before lubricating, you also need to clean it as thoroughly as possible, to remove contaminants.

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Smoove requires less frequent reapplication than other wax-based lubricants, such as Squirt. Smoove recommends reapplying once your chain becomes noisy, rather than at fixed intervals. While you can apply the lube at this point, I’d recommend cleaning the chain first as unavoidable dirt build-up creates an unsightly mess.

It’s also going to attract every bit of grit, dirt and grime you come across and will be a nightmare to clean off properly afterwards.

You get more lubricant per millilitre with this type of lube and the increased viscosity of the oils means this type of lubricant should last longer and is much less prone to getting washed off your chain if you encounter water.

A downside of wax lubricants is that they require a fastidiously clean chain prior to the initial application, otherwise the wax won’t stick to the metal or dry out correctly.

In terms of application, Squirt is very wet, so you do need to be careful applying it, otherwise you’ll get a fair bit of dripping.

The Belgian brand supplies several pro teams with oils, grease and cleaning products and it’s easy to see why. This stuff is easy to apply (just upend the bottle while rotating the cranks), it works well, and when it comes to cleaning time, a good degreaser removes it without fuss.

Drivetrain efficiency describes how much of the energy you put through the pedals reaches the rear wheel, to drive you and the bike forward. This energy is usually described as 'power' because it can be measured in watts.

Wet lubes are designed for riding in wet or year-round conditions and, as such, generally contain greater quantities of higher viscosity synthetic oils, as well as additives such as PTFE.

After all, the more expensive your parts, the more expensive they are to replace. Have you ever looked up the price of a Shimano Dura-Ace, SRAM Red or Campagnolo Super Record cassette? Yikes…

Waxed-based lubricants are usually a mix of highly-refined paraffin wax particles, mixed with additives such as PTFE and a carrier fluid.

It also lasts very well. I started out just using Squirt on my road bikes, but now I use it on everything and have found it particularly good for gravel both in wet sloppy conditions and rare dry dusty days too.

Reducing drivetrain wear – and therefore extending the life of your components – can potentially save you a fair amount of money.

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Unless truly filthy beforehand, the chain ends up cleaner, as the solvent component of the carrier fluid acts as a displacer for dirt. However, it leaves a mess on your rims and spokes which needs wiping away, and it feels wasteful.

Hunter-gatherer culture was the way of life for early humans until around 11,000 to 12,000 years ago. The lifestyle of hunter-gatherers was based on hunting animals and foraging for food.

If cost is a barrier, you could consider using Fenwick’s Professional Chain Lube instead (which I use on my off-road bikes all-year-round), which is much cheaper at just £15 for a 100ml bottle.

Like all wax lubes, Smoove must be applied to a fastidiously clean chain. I once applied it to an 80 per cent clean used chain and the lube turned into an obstinate sludgy mess. Do not do this. Starting with a thoroughly degreased fresh chain is the best way to go.

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This increased dryness is key because it prevents friction-increasing contaminants from sticking to the chain and working their way into the internals of the chain or coating your drivetrain parts.

Smoove is an excellent lube for riders who don’t want to commit fully to immersion waxing but still want the benefits of minimal friction and easy clean-up offered by wax-based lubricants.

Dry lubes, so-called because they’re designed for riding in dry conditions, are often made up of around 10 per cent lubricant – synthetic oils and additives – and 90 per cent carrier fluid.

Anthropologists have discovered evidence for the practice of hunter-gatherer culture by modern humans (Homo sapiens) and their distant ancestors dating as far back as two million years. Before the emergence of hunter-gatherer cultures, earlier groups relied on the practice of scavenging animal remains that predators left behind.

Most lubes contain synthetic oils, along with friction-reducing additives such as PTFE (Teflon) and carrier fluids that evaporate after application.

Silca claims a bottle of Synergetic lube will last up to 12,000 miles / 19,000 kilometres, which tallies up with my experience. After a year's use over roughly 6,000km, I’m only halfway through the bottle.

The factory grease can be hard to completely remove from the inside of even a brand-new chain. You need strong degreasers or solvents to get the job done properly, and you'll be left with a fair amount of waste chemicals that you’ll need to dispose of carefully.

I’ve persevered, though, because in my experience there’s no lube out there – aside from a full-scale wax treatment – that runs as cleanly as this.

The Hadza people of Tanzania rely on hunting wild game for meat, a task that requires great skill in tracking, teamwork, and accuracy with a bow and arrow.

A highlight for me is how quiet my drivetrain is when I use this lube. Waxed chains may be fast and stay clean for several rides, but they tend to be fairly noisy. In contrast, there's something very enjoyable about a silent bike that means I prefer Morgan Blue’s Race Oil.

In the real world, however, dirt and other contaminants enter the equation. If these get in your drivetrain they essentially form a paste (think ‘liquid sandpaper’) with the lubricant literally grinding away your gears.

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The chain is one of the hardest working components on your bicycle. Even when pedalling at a normal cadence, there is a huge amount of meta-on-metal contact between the chain and the rest of the drivetrain.

Gold LV is my favourite, though, because it can handle all good-to-middling riding conditions. As long as the weather is dry, one clean application will see you through 300km of riding before more is needed.

Low Volume Low Pressure (LVLP) lubrication systems can help. These systems reduce over-lubrication problems by using up to 90% less oil. This not only creates a ...

Although it doesn’t last quite as long and attracts slightly more dirt than Silca Synergetic lube, Fenwick’s keeps the drivetrain running equally quietly and it stands up to wet and muddy conditions.

The only downside is that the upfront cost of Silca Synergetic lube is relatively high, at £25 / €30 / $25 for a 60ml bottle. As it lasts a long time, though, it ultimately represents good value – especially considering how well it performs.

Once done, though, CeramicSpeed UFO Drip rewards you with a smooth running chain, exceptional cleanliness and speed backed by independent test data.

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At £19.99 / €22 / $24 for a 100ml bottle, it has a relatively high price but its low-friction credentials are backed by testing by independent test labs such as Zero Friction Cycling.

With the beginnings of the Neolithic Revolution about 12,000 years ago, when agricultural practices were first developed, some groups abandoned hunter-gatherer practices to establish permanent settlements that could provide for much larger populations. However, many hunter-gatherer behaviors persisted until modern times. As recently as 1500 C.E., there were still hunter-gatherers in parts of Europe and throughout the Americas. Over the last 500 years, the population of hunter-gatherers has declined dramatically. Today very few exist, with the Hadza people of Tanzania being one of the last groups to live in this tradition.

You can source the ingredients separately yourself, but ZFC says that commercial blends such as Molten Speed Wax use more highly refined paraffin wax than what is normally available to consumers, for optimum performance and cleanliness.

Ceramic lubes have started popping up over the last few years, with bold claims about increased performance, alongside increased prices. It’s not always clear what they contain or what benefits they offer over other types of lubricants, though.

If you’re after the fastest, most efficient drivetrain possible, immersive waxing is currently best. Look around any professional race or time trial and you’re bound to spot more than a few waxed chains.

I've used Morgan Blue Race Oil chain lube on my humble winter and commuter bike for years and it's still my pick for changeable weather conditions.

There are many different types of bicycle-specific lubes, including wet lubes, dry lubes, ceramic lubes and wax lubes. Each has its own pros and cons, and intended use, which we'll come on to.

It’s more tenacious than other drip wax lubes but it isn’t the best choice for extended rides in grimy weather, where it’ll simply wash off, leaving you to crunch through the rest of your ride.

For a more information on the types of chain lubes available and how they stand up to scrutiny, we spoke to Adam Kerin of Zero Friction Cycling (ZFC), an independent test lab for bicycle chain lubricants.

Race Oil sits somewhere between a dry lube, which mostly evaporates after application, and a wet lube, which is often thick and difficult to remove.

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Budget-conscious cyclists ought to consider the full cost of maintaining a drivetrain when making lube purchasing decisions, though.

Manualchainoiler

The only notable downside (beyond the relatively high price) is that CeramicSpeed UFO Drip isn’t the longest-lasting chain lubricant available, especially in wet weather.

I’ve used a few expensive wax lubes (Ceramic Speed UFO, Silca Super Secret), but I’d rank Squirt amongst those on performance without the price penalty.

When I do treat my commuting bike to a deep clean, Race Oil is easy to shift with a standard chain degreaser. It doesn’t create nasty gunk build-up on the cassette or chainrings either, so it's easy to get the drivetrain looking shiny again.

If that’s to be believed, you could also make an argument that you’re spending your money mostly on carrier fluid that’s designed to disappear into thin air.

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Squirt says its Long Lasting chain lube uses a blend of waxes and water to create a low-friction coating for your chain. In my experience, it holds onto the chain tenaciously, lasts for a long time and easily repels dirt.

The risk of getting lubricant on your wheel's brake track, disc brake rotors or worse in the pads is much higher than with drip lubes, and you really don’t want that happening because it can seriously affect brake performance.

CeramicSpeed also says UFO Drip uses a non-toxic and biodegradable formula – something which, sadly, isn’t always a given with bicycle chain lubricants.

If you’re thinking, “That sounds like quite a lot of hassle…”, you wouldn’t be wrong – and even some pro teams aren't convinced the purported benefits of waxed chains are worth the extra hassle.

The heat helps the chain parts expand, allowing the lubricants to fully penetrate all parts of the chain and flush out contaminants. Once the chain is removed, the wax also dries to a completely dry, solid layer of lubricant over every part.

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You also need to leave enough time before you ride for the wax to completely dry and harden on the chain (overnight, ideally). If you ride in wet conditions the chain will also need to be cleaned, dried and lubricated soon afterwards to prevent corrosion.

Morgan Blue Race Oil costs £10.99 / €9.90 / $11.23 for a 125ml bottle. Generally, I’ve found a single bottle will last for about a year’s worth of commuting, which is about 4,000 kilometres for me.

The Gold lube – recently updated with a new low vapour (LV) formula – sits in the middle of the lube range offered by Rock Lube. There’s a red ‘Absolute Dry’ version, and a blue Extreme version (no prizes for guessing their roles).

After backpedalling the cranks a few times (to work the lube into the chain rollers), any excess can be wiped away with a clean rag.

I’ve been using Squirt since 2018, initially with a 120ml bottle (£13.99 / €10.50 / $15.71 ), but have since replaced it with a workshop-sized 500ml bottle (£47 / €52 / $48.76) that’s still going strong after thousands of kilometres.

Unless your bike ride is planned to take place underwater, we’d recommend steering well clear of using grease on your chain.

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Silca’s Super Secret wax chain lube (£25 / €28.95 / $25 per 120ml bottle) is reportedly a bit better in this respect, but for the longest rides in harsh conditions, I’d consider something like Silca Synergetic instead (the favourite lube of BikeRadar’s in-house ultra-distance racer, Oscar Huckle).

IndustrialchainOiler

As a lower viscosity lubricant, dry lubes promise greater efficiency through lower friction and by attracting fewer contaminants.

As BikeRadar’s chain-waxer-in-chief, I’ve also found it complements immersively waxed chains very well too, enabling significantly extended intervals between full re-waxes, with little buildup of gunk.

Lubricants based on paraffin wax (yes, the stuff they make candles with) have grown massively in popularity in recent years, as independent testing has shown them to score extremely well on efficiency, longevity and in resistance to contaminants.

Applying this lube to your chain is simple. For best results, your chain should be completely clean and dry before the initial application, then you apply one drop of lubricant to each chain link using the included needle applicator. Silca then recommends back-pedalling 12 revolutions, waiting a minute and then wiping away any excess.

What I really like about Squirt, though, is that – providing your chain is clean and dry before application – the end result is close to an immersively waxed chain, with coated plates and pins that don’t attract crud and detritus.

While I appreciate the smoothness and neatness of immersively waxed chains, I have such a large stable of bikes that if I was waxing every chain properly, it wouldn’t leave me much time for actually riding.

While I do love a perfectly clean chain, the discolouration is slightly annoying. For the bike that does the hard commuting yards, however, I’d rather have an oil that stays on the chain through mixed weather conditions.

Having tested countless bike chain lubes over many years of riding, BikeRadar’s team of experienced road, gravel and mountain bikers have nominated their personal favourites.

The closest-performing alternative I’ve tried is Muc-Off’s C3 Dry Ceramic Lube, but even this I’ve found to attract dirt more easily and create a thicker layer of grime on the chain over time.

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When you ride in wet or dirty conditions, your front wheel sprays huge amounts of contaminants onto your chain (although good mudguards can mitigate the effects to a degree). From there, the only way to reset the balance is to clean your drivetrain thoroughly.

Squirt needs ample drying time before you head out to ride so the wax can set and the carrier fluid has time to evaporate. Head out before it's properly dried and you’ll get a bit of spatter on your chainstays, and the chain will attract more dirt.

You’ll need to clean your drivetrain regularly, possibly even after every ride if you want the maximum benefit and to maintain peak performance and optimise drivetrain life. Once a wet lube becomes contaminated it can begin to cause drivetrain wear.

While it does turn black after a few rides, Race Oil continues to lubricate the chain well, without accumulating the gunk I’d expect to find with a wet lube.

For more information on the different types of chain lubes available, how they work and which ones are best for different kinds of riding, check out our buyer’s guide to bike chain lubes after our recommendations.

Rock Lube Rock’n’Roll Gold Lube has been a staple of my riding setup for years, offering a clean and light lubrication of my chains that resists dust and dirt.

All thing's considered, until they have been definitively proven to work as advertised, it's hard to recommend ceramic lubes over more affordable options.

Hunter-gatherer culture is a type of subsistence lifestyle that relies on hunting and fishing animals and foraging for wild vegetation and other nutrients like honey, for food. Until approximately 12,000 years ago, all humans practiced hunting-gathering.

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It notes these lubes are more expensive, but also points out the decreased friction it claims ought to lead to increased drivetrain longevity, saving you money overall.

Best practice for this type of lube is to apply sparingly to each link in the chain and wipe off any excess before riding.

Because hunter-gatherers did not rely on agriculture, they used mobility as a survival strategy. Indeed, the hunter-gatherer lifestyle required access to large areas of land, between seven and 500 square miles, to find the food they needed to survive. This made establishing long-term settlements impractical, and most hunter-gatherers were nomadic. Hunter-gatherer groups tended to range in size from an extended family to a larger band of no more than about 100 people.

This process involves taking a scrupulously clean chain and immersing it in a heated vat of highly refined paraffin wax and other additives.

Because it doesn't attract dirt, this lube makes washing your bike a cinch (no solvents or degreasers required), and it does wonders to prevent expensive drivetrain components from wearing out prematurely.

The best chain lubes can smooth the chain's engagement with the cassette sprockets and chainrings, and maintain proper shifting performance. They also help prevent corrosion and reduce friction and drivetrain wear.

This means you’ll need to reapply it fairly frequently if you ride lots and it’s not best suited to ultra-distance cycling.

Smoove is an okay choice for shorter winter rides where you wash your bike right after. Compared to a sticky wet lube, it’s easy to clean off and lasts long enough.

The chain links must be dripping in the stuff, before rotating the cranks backwards and wiping the excess away with a cloth.

As well as correct lubrication, drivetrain efficiency is dependent on things such as cleanliness, chain line, and the size of the chainrings and cogs in your drivetrain.

Recently, partly thanks to the increased availability of independent testing data, waxed-based lubricants have risen in popularity among performance-minded cyclists.

Like most wax-based lubricants, CeramicSpeed UFO Drip should be applied to a clean chain stripped of dirt, grease and oil, and left to dry overnight for best results. It also needs to be reapplied as soon as possible after wet rides to prevent your chain from rusting.

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Zero Friction Cycling (ZFC) suggests dry lubes typically appear cleaner because they lack enough actual lubricant to be effective. This has the knock-on effect of meaning they usually result in high levels of friction and wear, according to ZFC's testing.

Although the narrow applicator means this process takes a while, it’s worth it because it makes the chain run silently and, crucially, doesn’t attract grime or grit.

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The downside of wet lubes? These same properties also make it a magnet for dirt and grime (especially if applied excessively), and the extra viscosity also means lower outright efficiency compared to thinner lubes, due to the added viscous friction.

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A cheap lube could end up costing you a lot more overall than an expensive one, for example. If your lube leads to poorer efficiency and increased drivetrain wear, having to replace worn parts of your bike more often will undoubtedly cost a lot more in the long run than an efficient lube.

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The key to wax’s good performance is that, when applied correctly, it settles to form a hard, almost dry layer of low friction lubricant on the chain.

Some lubricants are also sold as aerosols, but we wouldn’t recommend these for lubricating chains because they’re very difficult to apply precisely.

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ZFC, however, says there is limited publicly available data to substantiate the claims that ceramic lubricants actually provide the purported effects, and thus doesn’t recommend them.

As with most chain lubes, wet conditions reduce this life a little, but it’s a trade-off worth making for the smooth performance it otherwise offers.

At £8.95 / €12.90 / $8 for a 117ml bottle, the price isn’t too steep, but given the bottle will last a couple of months with regular riding, and the application process is a little wasteful, value could be better.

When it launched, Silca Synergetic lube was claimed to be the fastest oil-based lubricant available, but I’m not after the fastest option that might save me half a watt. I simply want my drivetrains to run smoothly and silently.

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You're spoilt for choice when it comes to chain lubes. With countless brands offering a variety of types and formulas, finding the best chain lube isn't easy.

Muc-Off, which makes both wet and dry ceramic lubes, says its ceramic lube contains tiny ‘ceramic particles’ that help reduce friction over the synthetic oils found in standard dry and wet lubes.

Once it’s been properly cleaned and treated, waxed chains have, in our experience, an incredible ability to shrug off dirt and grime.

Critically, the lube must be left to dry, ideally overnight. A hasty pre-ride slurp of lube will pick up dirt and wash off in the rain.

That means no cruddy build-up around jockey wheels and no transference of oily grit into the depths of your cassette either.